4 Best Programming Languages to Learn in 2020 (for Job & Future)
1.PYTHON
Python undoubtedly tops the list. It is widely accepted as the best programming language to learn first. Python is fast, easy-to-use, and easy-to-deploy programming language that is being widely used to develop scalable web applications. YouTube, Instagram, Pinterest, SurveyMonkey are all built-in Python. Python provides excellent library support and has a large developer community. The programming language provides a great starting point for beginners. Talking about those who are looking for a better job, you should definitely learn Python ASAP! A lot of startups are using Python as their primary backend stack and so, this opens up a huge opportunity for full-stack Python developers. Here is a sample Python “Hello World!” program:
Pros:

  • Creating and using classes and objects is easy thanks to OOP characteristics
  • Extensive library support
  • Focuses on code readability
  • Has the ability to scale even the most complex applications
  • Ideal for building prototypes and testing out ideas faster
  • Open-source with an ever-growing community support
  • Provides support for a multitude of platforms and systems
  • Very easy to learn and use
Cons:

  • Not suitable for mobile computing
  • Slower by virtue of being an interpreted programming language
  • The database access layer is somewhat immature
  • Threading isn’t good because of GIL (Global Interpreter Lock)
2.JAVA

JAVA is another popular choice in large organizations and it has remained so for decades. Java is widely used for building enterprise-scale web applications. Java is known to be extremely stable and so, many large enterprises have adopted it. If you are looking for a development based job at a large organization, Java is the language that you should learn. Java is also widely used in Android App Development. Almost any business today needs an Android Application owing to the fact that there are billions of Android users today. This opens up a huge opportunity for Java developers given the fact that Google has created an excellent Java-based Android development framework - Android Studio.
Difficulty level: Easy to moderate to learn. 4 out of 5.

Pros:

  • An abundance of open-source libraries
  • Automatic memory allocation and garbage collection
  • Follows the OOP paradigm
  • Has the stack allocation system
  • A high degree of platform independence thanks to the JVM feature
  • Highly secure due to the exclusion of explicit pointer and inclusion of a security manager responsible for defining the access of classes
  • Ideal for distributed computing
  • Offers a galore of APIs for accomplishing different tasks, such as database connection, networking, utilities, and XML parsing
  • Supports multithreading
Cons:

  • Absence of templates limits creating high-quality data structures
  • Expensive memory management
  • Slower than natively compiled programming languages, like C and C++
 3. C/C++

C/C++ is like the bread and butter of programming. Almost all low-level systems such as operating systems, file systems, etc are written in C/C++. If you wish to be a system-level programmer, C/C++ is the language you should learn. C++ is also widely used by competitive programmers owing to the fact that it is extremely fast and stable. C++ also provides something called STL - Standard Template Library. STL is a pool of ready-to-use libraries for various data structures, arithmetic operations, and algorithms. The library support and speed of the language make it a popular choice in the High-frequency trading community as well. Difficulty level: Easy to moderate to learn. 3 out of 5

Pros:

  • A galore of compilers and libraries to work with [C++]
  • Eases accessing blocked or hidden objects by other programming languages [C]
  • Faster execution of programs than most programming languages [C/C++]
  • Forms the basis for understanding more complex programming languages [C/C++]
  • Language of choice for multi-device, multi-platform app development [C++]
  • Offers a great degree of portability [C]
  • Procedure-oriented language with a group of function modules and blocks. These make debugging, testing, and maintaining the programs easier [C]
  • Programs are more efficient and easy to understand [C/C++]
  • Rich function library [C++]
  • Runs close to the system hardware and hence, offers a low level of abstraction [C/C++]
  • Support exception handling and function overloading [C++]
  • Wide variety of application domains, such as games, GUI applications, and real-time mathematical simulations [C++]
Cons:

  • Complex syntax [C/C++]
  • Doesn’t support program namespace [C]
  • Incapable of solving modern, real-world programming challenges [C]
  • Less efficient object-oriented system compared to other OOP-based programming languages [C++]
  • Need to manually create the high-level constructs [C]
  • No garbage collection or dynamic memory allocation [C/C++]
  • No run-time checking [C/C++]
  • No strict type checking [C]
  • Not an easy first-choice for learning programming [C/C++]
  • Plagued by the issues of buffer overflow and memory corruption [C/C++]
  • Smaller standard library [C]
4.JAVASCRIPT

JavaScript is the “frontend” programming language. JavaScript is widely used to design interactive frontend applications. For instance, when you click on a button which opens up a popup, the logic is implemented via JavaScript.
These days, many organizations, particularly startups, are using NodeJS which is a JavaScript-based run-time environment. Node.js lets developers use JavaScript for server-side scripting—running scripts server-side to produce dynamic web page content before the page is sent to the user's web browser. Hence now with JS, you can use a single programming language for server-side and client-side scripts. If you are looking for that cool tech job at your favorite startup, you should seriously consider learning JavaScript.
Difficulty level: Easy to learn. 4.5 out of 5.

Pros:

  • Client-side JavaScript is very fast. It runs immediately within the web browser as there is no compilation requirement
  • Gives a richer interface to a website
  • Highly versatile
  • It is the programming language of the web
  • Reduced website server demand by virtue of being client-side
  • Regular updates via the ECMA specification
  • Several add-ons, such as Greasemonkey, for extending the functionality
  • Simplistic implementation
  • Plenty of resources and a mammoth community support
  • Used for building a diverse range of applications
  • Works exceptionally well with other programming languages
Cons:

  • Absence of copy or equivalent method
  • Allows only single inheritance
  • As the code executes on the user machine, many people choose to disable JavaScript due to the fear of being exploited for a malicious intent
  • Might be interpreted differently by different browsers